FW: 预防H1N1流感 (水城百事)

by ZT, Tuesday, May 05, 2009, 09:32

How to protect yourselfQ19. What can I do to protect myself from infection?
问题19.我怎样做才能免于感染？
The Public Health Agency advises Canadians to:
公共卫生机构建议加拿大人做到以下几点

Wash hands thoroughly with soap and warm water, or use hand sanitizer
用肥皂和温水彻底的洗手，或者使用手消毒剂
Cough and sneeze in your arm or sleeve
咳嗽和打喷嚏时以胳膊或袖子掩鼻，而非手掌
Get your annual flu shot
每年进行流感疫苗接种
Keep doing what you normally do, but stay home if sick
继续你平日的生活起居，但是如果生病请呆在家中
Check www.fightflu. ca for more information
如需更多的咨询请查看 www.fightflu. ca
Check www.voyage.gc. ca for travel notices and advisories
如需了解旅游相关的建议及注意事项，请查阅www.voyage.gc. ca
Talk to a health professional if you experience severe flu-like symptoms
如果你感觉到有类似感冒的症状请及时就医

http://www.phac- aspc.gc.ca/ im/iif-vcg/ wh-lm-eng. php#a

Your top questions answered

When should I wash my hands?
What are germs and are they all bad?
Where do germs live?
What kind of soap should I use? Plain or antibacterial soap?
What about alcohol-based hand cleansers?

What are germs and are they all bad?什么是病原微生物？它们都对人体有害吗？
The word germs is a general term for different types of tiny organisms. Bacteria and viruses are examples of two different types of germs. Bacteria are virtually everywhere in our environment and make up 60 per cent of the living matter on earth. Of the billions of types of bacteria only about 50 are known to cause infection.
病原微生物是对各种微小有机体的统称。包括细菌和病毒两种。细菌在我们的日常生活中无处不在，并且组成了地球上60%的生物。在数以亿计的细菌家族中，目前所知的只有约50种可以引起感染。
Viruses cause far more illnesses than bad bacteria because they spread more easily. If more than one person in your family has the same sickness, odds are it is a viral infection. Cold and flu viruses invade our cells and rapidly grow in number causing symptoms like runny nose, cough, aches and sore throats.
病毒比有害细菌更能引发疾病是因为它们传播起来更加容易。如果你的家庭成员（两名或以上）患上同一种疾病，多半是病毒感染。流感病毒侵入人体细胞后，会大量复制以至于引起诸如流鼻涕、咳嗽、全身酸痛及嗓子痛的症状。

Where do germs live?哪里有病原微生物？
If you had to pick the place in your house with the most disease-causing germs, what would you choose? Many of us automatically think of the bathroom toilet seat or bathroom floor. But you may be surprised to learn that the kitchen is the biggest hot-zone for disease-causing germs. Top prize goes to the kitchen sink, followed by the dishrag or sponge.
如果让你在自己的家里挑选一个含有最多致病微生物的地方，你的答案是什么？大多数人自然而然会想到浴室马桶的座圈或者是地板。但是让你惊奇的事实是，厨房才是那些致病微生物的最大的温床。其原因要归功于厨房的水槽，然后是抹布或者是洗碗海绵。
Germs can live for a surprisingly long time on hard surfaces like desks, doorknobs and tables. Most people get sick when they touch something that is contaminated with germs and then touch their eyes, nose or mouth. The easiest way to reduce your chance of getting sick is to wash your hands often with regular soap and water and avoid touching your face.
细菌在坚硬的物体表面（如办公桌，门把手和餐桌）上存活的时间是惊人的。很多人生病是因为他们的手接触了那些被细菌污染的物体，然后又用手接触眼睛、鼻子或者嘴巴。减少你患病的最简单的方法是经常用合格的肥皂、干净的水洗手，另外就是避免用脏手接触你的面部。

What kind of soap should I use? Plain or antibacterial soap?我应该使用什么样的肥皂？普通的还是杀菌皂？
Antibacterial soaps and cleaners are readily available - there are hundreds of brands on the market. Yet, antibacterial soaps offer no benefit over regular, plain soaps in preventing common illnesses.
抗菌肥皂和清洁剂在市场上并不少见。但是，在预防普通的疾病方面，它并不比普通的肥皂有优势。
Antibacterial soaps contain antibiotics in amounts that kill some of the germs on your skin. When you use antibacterial soaps the bacteria at the edge of the soap line are exposed to only a little bit of antibiotic. These bad germs survive and become resistant (they can't be killed) to that particular antibiotic. They can also transfer their antibiotic resistance to good germs.
抗菌肥皂能够杀死一些皮肤表面的细菌。当你使用这种肥皂时，肥皂边缘的细菌只接触到了很少量的抗菌物质，使得这些有害细菌存活下来，并对这种肥皂中所含的抗菌物质产生了耐药性，同时，它们能够把这种耐药性传递给一些有益的细菌。
Plain, ordinary soap has ingredients that help to remove dirt and grease from your skin. The mechanical action of handwashing - rubbing your hands together with soap and water - breaks down the tiny bits of grease, fat and dirt on your hands that bad germs cling to. Soap doesn't actually kill the bad germs, instead, it's the combination of soap, rubbing, rinsing and drying that helps these bugs slide off your hands.
温和而普通的肥皂含有一些可以去除皮肤上污垢和油渍的物质。洗手的机制是，借助手与肥皂、手与清水的机械搓洗作用，洗去手上可以附着有害细菌的油渍和污渍。肥皂本身并没有杀灭有害细菌作用。
The bottom line: plain soap and good handwashing technique are the best way to remove the dirt and grease that attract bad bacteria.

What about alcohol-based hand cleansers?酒精制品的效果？
Both alcohol-based hand sanitizers and soap and water have a place in prevention of infections. You should use an alcohol sanitizer when you are out and not able to wash your hands—for example, at the mall or after riding public transit. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers don't contain antibiotics. But the alcohol kills both good and bad bacteria on your skin so use it sparingly. And keep in mind that they don't work well if you have a lot of dirt and grease on your hands.

含有酒精的手消剂，肥皂和水均有预防感染的作用。当你外出而不方便洗手时可以用酒精类杀毒剂，比如，在大商场中或者乘坐交通工具后。含有酒精的手消液不含抗菌物质。但是酒精能同时杀死皮肤表面的有益和有害细菌。但是有一点应该注意的是如果你的手上有很多污渍和油脂时，喷洒酒精的效果就会很差。
Hands spread an estimated 80 percent of common infectious diseases like the common cold and flu. For example, when you touch a doorknob that has the flu virus on it and then touch your mouth, you can get sick. But these disease-causing germs slide off easily with good handwashing technique.通过手传播的普通传染性疾病（如流感），大约占80%。比如，当你接触了带有流感病毒的门把手后，又摸你的嘴巴，你就有可能生病。但是如果正确洗手可以很容易洗去手上的致病菌。

When should I wash my hands?应该何时洗手？
Wash your hands several times a day with soap and warm water, especially:
要经常洗手（用热水和肥皂），尤其是以下几种情况

before meals
餐前洗手
before feeding children, including breastfeeding
喂孩子吃饭前，也包括喂食母乳前
before and after preparing food
做饭前后要洗手
after using the toilet
如厕后洗手
after changing diapers or helping a child use the toilet
给孩子换尿布后或者帮助儿童如厕后
after blowing your nose, coughing or sneezing
擤鼻涕、咳嗽或者打喷嚏后
after playing with shared toys
使用公共玩具后
before and after visiting with people who are sick
在探访病人前后
after handling animals or their waste.
在处理动物以及它们的粪便后

How to wash your hands - 7 tips 如何洗手？

Remove all rings and wet your hands with warm running water. 摘掉戒指，用流动的温水打湿双手。
Put a small amount of liquid soap in the palm of one hand. Bar soaps are not as hygienic as liquid soaps because they stay moist and attract germs. If a bar soap is the only option it should be stored on a rack so that the bar doesn't sit in water. 取少量的液体皂于手心。因为湿润的块状肥皂容易吸引细菌，所以它们不如液体皂卫生。但如果块状肥皂是唯一的选择，那么应该将它置于干燥的肥皂盒中。
Rub your hands together for 20 seconds so you produce lather. Make sure you scrub between your fingers, under your fingernails and the backs of your hands. 搓洗双手并产生泡沫，不少于20秒。注意要兼顾指缝、指甲和手背。
Rinse your hands well with clean running water for at least 10 seconds. Try not to handle the faucets once your hands are clean. Use a paper towel to turn off the water. 在流动的清水下搓洗双手至少10秒钟。当你洗净手后，尽量不要再直接接触龙头。可以垫上纸巾关闭龙头。
Dry your hands with a single use paper towel. If you use a hand towel be sure to change it daily. During cold and flu season you may want to give each family member his or her own hand towel. 用干净的纸巾擦干双手。如果用手巾的话，要每日清洗。在流感季节，你应该为每位家庭成员各准备一条手巾。
Use hand lotion to put moisture back into your skin if your hands are dry. 如果手上皮肤干燥，涂一些护手霜。
Model good handwashing technique to your children. Have them sing a song like Twinkle Twinkle Little Star while rubbing their hands together to teach them the amount of time it takes to clean their hands properly. 将正确的洗手方法示范给你的孩子。并让他们边洗手边唱歌，如一闪一闪亮晶晶，这样可以帮助他们了解正确洗手所需时间。
另外，有关加拿大各省感染H1N1流感病毒的患者数据请浏览
http://www.phac- aspc.gc.ca/ alert-alerte/ swine-porcine/ surveillance- eng.php